Excellent organizations recruit and retain excellent employees. Historically, the Service has drawn employees largely from individuals who had a direct connection with and understanding of the natural world. Future employees may have spent less time outdoors and more time with electronic media than those who have historically been attracted to the Service. Many of these prospective employees may not naturally think of government or the Service as a place to have a career. The Service needs to develop and execute innovative approaches to find and recruit the best and brightest of future employees. These employees should reflect the full diversity of the American people.

Recommendation: Establish, communicate and track the current baseline and future goals for employee recruitment and retention, especially within specific functions where recruitment has been problematic.

The Refuge System should recognize and plan for the growth of specialized groups in the workforce. Multidisciplinary work is becoming less common as natural resource management becomes more scientific and expertise more focused. The Refuge System has identified a need for more specialized scientists in areas such as climate change, hydrology and invasive species, among others. It has also identified a need for expertise in non-science areas such as environmental education, public-use planning, asset management and business management.

Recommendation: The Refuge System must develop effective strategies for recruiting and deploying specialists as a fundamental part of its workforce planning efforts.

In the past, the Refuge System has also encouraged and even required employees to physically move to achieve certain positions. While a breadth of experience is important, especially to employees competing for senior level management positions, it is becoming increasingly more difficult for employees to relocate. The increase in the number of dual career families as well as recent economic trends in the housing market has significantly impacted employee mobility. The Refuge System should continue to encourage employees to gain a diversity of experiences during their careers; however, there must also be career ladders and opportunities that can enable employees to achieve higher graded positions without relocating.

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